Chord formula
ii-V-I
Canonical guitar progression
ii-V-I Guitar Chord Progression
ii-V-I is the classic cadence where the ii chord leads to the dominant V and resolves to I. On guitar it sounds smooth and directional, especially with minor 7, dominant 7, and major 7 voicings. Players use it to learn jazz harmony, turnarounds, and clean voice leading.
- resolved, smooth, cadential
- chords by key
- voicing options
- practice drills
ii-V-I at a glance
ii-V-I is useful theory and practice material, but it is not a four-chord StrumForge loop by itself. Use the chord family below to build a related four-slot exercise.
Try it in C
Dm-G-C
Try it in G
Am-D-G
Where it fits
Jazz, soul, lofi, bossa, pop turnarounds
Playing level
Intermediate
StrumForge workflow
Use StrumForge to build a related four-slot loop from these chords. The exact ii-V-I idea is a 3-chord concept.
Chords by key
Use these keys as practical guitar starting points. Minor-key rows show the same sound from a minor center where appropriate.
| Key | ii | V | I |
|---|---|---|---|
| C Major | Dm | G | C |
| G Major | Am | D | G |
| D Major | Em | A | D |
| A Major | Bm | E | A |
| E Major | F#m | B | E |
| F Major | Gm | C | F |
| A Minor | Dm | G | C |
| E Minor | Am | D | G |
| D Minor | Gm | C | F |
Guitar voicing notes
Open chords usually sound wider and are best for acoustic strumming. Barre chords make the formula movable when the singer needs another key. Capo versions keep familiar C, G, D, A, or E shapes while changing pitch. Beginners should simplify the hardest chord first, often with a partial F, a three-string triad, or a power chord version.
Open chord version
Try Am-D-G or Dm-G-C first if the chords sit well under your fingers.
Barre chord version
Use E-shape and A-shape barre chords when you need the same formula in keys that are not open-chord friendly.
Capo-friendly version
Move the capo until the open-shape version supports the vocal range, then keep the same relative chord movement.
Beginner simplification
Play the top three or four strings of difficult chords and keep the strum hand in time before adding full grips.
Practice this progression
Start at 60-90 bpm with one chord per bar, then try two beats each on ii and V.
- Slow strumming drillUse one bar per chord with downstrokes only. Count out loud until the changes land on beat one.
- Chord transition drillLoop only the two hardest chords for one minute, then return to the full progression.
- Groove suggestionTry down, down-up, up-down-up for pop and folk, or palm-muted eighth notes for rock and punk versions.
- Tempo rangeStart at 60-90 bpm with one chord per bar, then try two beats each on ii and V.
Songwriting ideas
Use ii-V-I at the end of a section, as a turnaround, or as a bridge color. Melody lines should target the third or seventh of each chord first.
For a verse, use a smaller voicing, fewer strums, or a lower register so the melody has room. For a chorus, widen the voicing, move up the neck, or increase the rhythmic density. The mood is resolved, smooth, cadential, but rhythm and register can push it brighter or darker.
A strong melody usually targets chord tones at chord changes. Hum one phrase over the first two chords, answer it over the second half, then change only the ending note if the loop feels too predictable.
Build a related loop in StrumForge
StrumForge uses four chord slots, so use this page as a theory reference and build a related four-chord practice loop from the same chord family.
FAQ
Short answers for players using this page as a practice or writing reference.
What chords are in ii-V-I?
In C, the core chords are Dm, G, C. In G, they are Am, D, G.
Is ii-V-I good for beginners?
It is better after basic open chords because some versions use barre or seventh-chord grips. Slow the hardest transition before adding rhythm.
What key should I play ii-V-I in?
Start in G, C, D, A, or E if you want open guitar shapes. Move the key or add a capo when the vocal range matters more than the original shapes.
What songs use this type of progression?
Many songs use the same harmonic type without copying the same voicings or rhythm. Treat the progression as a shared chord-function pattern, then make the rhythm, melody, and arrangement your own.
How do I make this progression sound more interesting on guitar?
Change one variable at a time: use triads higher on the neck, add sus or seventh colors, change the strum pattern, add a passing bass note, or move the capo to keep open strings ringing.